Cervical cancer screening & HPV vaccnation
Cervical cancer owes over 95% of its cases to the human papillomavirus (HPV). This virus is notorious for being the most common viral infection targeting the reproductive tract. Most sexually active individuals will encounter HPV at some juncture in their lives, with some facing recurrent bouts. The comforting fact is that over 90% of those infected will naturally eliminate the virus.
Cervical cancer remains the most significant health concern linked to HPV. Almost every cervical cancer case can trace its origins back to an HPV infection. While many HPV infections are self-resolving and numerous pre-cancerous lesions spontaneously regress, a lingering risk persists for women. In certain scenarios, HPV infections can lead to pre-cancerous lesions which can escalate into full-blown invasive cervical cancer overtime
It's pivotal to note that cervical cancer's evolution is a protracted journey, often spanning 15 to 20 years in women boasting robust immune systems. However, for those with compromised immunity, like untreated HIV patients, this timeline can shrink to a mere 5 to 10 years.
Cervical Cancer Staging and Symptoms
In its nascent stages, cervical cancer might slowly progress without manifesting noticeable symptoms. This stealth mode underscores the paramount importance of regular screenings, such as Pap smears and HPV tests, for early detection. As the malignancy advances, symptoms become more obvious:
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding: This can manifest as irregular, heavy, or postmenopausal bleeding, or even bleeding between periods or post-coitus.
- Pelvic pain or discomfort: This includes persistent pain in the pelvic region or lower abdomen and discomfort during sexual activities.
- Unusual vaginal discharge: This might be foul-smelling, watery, or even bloody.
- Painful urination: Some women might experience pain or discomfort during urination.
- Changes in menstrual cycle: This pertains to alterations in the regularity and flow of menstrual cycles.
- Weight loss and fatigue: Unexplained weight reduction accompanied by persistent fatigue.
- Swelling in the legs: This symptom might arise if the cancer metastasizes, impacting lymph nodes or obstructing blood circulation.