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Ovarian Cyst

An ovarian cyst is a sac filled with fluid or semisolid material that forms on or within one or both of your ovaries. Your ovaries are small organs in your pelvis that hold egg cells and make hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone.

There are different types of ovarian cysts, most of which are painless and harmless (benign). Usually, ovarian cysts don’t cause symptoms. You likely won’t know you have one unless your provider finds one during a routine pelvic exam or imaging procedure.

Rarely, ovarian cysts can cause complications. Scheduling regular pelvic exams and speaking with your provider about any symptoms you may be experiencing can help prevent any problems with a cyst.

What causes an ovarian cyst?

Ovulation is the leading cause of ovarian cysts. Other causes include:

  • Abnormal cell reproduction. Atypical cell reproduction can cause cysts like dermoids and cystadenomas to form.
  • Endometriosis. These cysts often form on the ovary in the advanced stages of endometriosis.
  • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Severe pelvic infections can spread to your ovaries, causing cysts.